IOSR-JAGG   Volume-1 ~ Issue-6 ~ NOV-DEC-2013

Abstract: A detailed gravity data obtained from SRTM agency over a part of Prakasam Alkaline province has been interpreted. Interms of depths, attributing different densities and density contrast a two dimensional modeling has been attempted. A gravity profile between 15.4 N Latitude and 79.5 E Longitude of 100km from Kandukuru to H.M.Padu traversing Kanigiri plutonic complex has been selected. The basement depth has been estimated as 3.2 km on an average. The nature of the negative gravity anomaly has been interpreted interms of geology, geochemistry. The physical parameter density is essential in interpreting gravity anomaly. An attempt has been initiated to explain interms of geochemical and geological process. Further "negative" nature of the anomaly has been explained. Keywords: Alkali Granite, Gabbro, Negative Bouguer Anomaly, Pluton, Density Contrast.

Abstract: The work investigated groundwater contamination in the study area using Vertical Electrical Sound technique and Physio-chemical analysis of soil and water samples within the vicinity of the Site. ABEM Terrameter SAS 4000 was used to carry out the geophysical survey. The VES data were plotted as pseudo and resistivity-sections so as to reveal the spatial distribution of the contaminant plumes. The interpreted VES data observed in the dump showed contamination plume as low zone with resistivityvalues between 1-20.5Ωmfrom the surface extending to a shallow aquifer of 5.8m, while the VES observed at the area free of waste dump showed a resistivity values of 174-178.5Ωm from the surface to the aquifer which is free from being polluted. The Physio- chemical analysis of soiland groundwater showed elevation in some of the parameters.

Keywords: Groundwater, Vertical, Plume, Resistivity, Spatial, Municipal

Abstract: The determination of subsurface stratification and aquifer characterization were carried out at Federal College of Education (Technical), Gusau using the Schlumberger electrical resistivity array with maximum current electrode separation of 200m. Twenty four Vertical electrical soundings (VES) were conducted along six profiles.WinGlink software has been used in interpreting the results. Two and three subsurface layers exist in the study area. The topmost geoelectric layer has resistivity mostly within the range of 1-522.The lithology of the topsoil is mainly clay to sandy clay.

Abstract: Seismic refraction tomography was carried out to for purpose of determining lithological characte-rization in part of Kubanni basin, Northern Nigeria. The major instrument used for this survey were Terraloc Mark6 Digital Seismograph, set of vertical geophones. The layout geometry was such that both the receivers and source were on a straight line. The receivers (geophones) are placed at interval of 5m, and shots fired at the beginning of the profile offset at some distance and at each geophone position. These shots send seismic waves which are detected at the surface by small receivers. The data were processed and interpreted from seismic tomography models generated. Inferences from the seismic tomography model shows that most of the profiles had 3-4 layer cases, with different lithological units comprising topsoil, which were made of mainly sand and sandy clay, weathered basement with saturated water and fresh basement. Also, models obtained from the study area indicate that that at depth greater than 30m it would not be possible to delineate the lithological unit, because the study was done using a shallow seismic method.

Keywords: Seismic, Tomography, Geophone, Lithology, Models

Abstract: In present communication, we have developed a method for estimating temperature dependence of volume thermal expansion of geophysical minerals at high pressures by modifying the formulation originally due to Anderson (1995); Stacey and Davis (2004). The values used in present work are those reported by Anderson in the form of density data. The method has been applied to the temperature dependence of thermal pressure for Mg2SiO4, MgAl2O4, MnO, Fe2SiO4, NaCl and KCl were carried out in our study. Computed values are compared with available experimental values. The model is extended to study the compression behavior at different temperature. A good agreement obtained between theory and experiment demonstrates the validity of the present approach. Keywords: Volume expansion, Thermal pressure, Equation of state, Geophysical minerals, Debye temperature

Abstract:Today for many of policymakers and planners, Tourism is considered the necessary condition for moving toward Construction and Development of rural areas. The purpose of this article is to measure the level of development in rural tourism with regard to facilities and infrastructure of tourism. Research method in this research is descriptive-analytical and in terms of purpose this research would be a functional and practical one.In this research 63 villages of Kalat city were studied and analyzedbyindices ofdevelopment of tourism. For this purpose, 29 sub-indices were utilized further categorized into 6 main indices, and finally by using factor analysis technique, relations between variables together with their optimal combination were analyzed.The study of the Kalat's share of tourism infrastructures reveals that the villages Hassan Abad -Laeen No, Baba-Ramezan and Chenar respectively having composite indices of4/770, 3/013 and 2/665, are among the top three in terms of ranking, while AlangSofla,and Kartash are the last villages in terms of ranking. In this research we endeavor to give a more clear and elaborate picture of conditions andpotentials together with possibledifferences in these areas, through determiningthe level of development of tourism infrastructure in villages as well as explaining the current condition of these districts in respect of their enjoyment or lack of present study indices, thereby assisting the policy makers and tourism authorities in their subsequent planning anddistributed allocation of resources in obliteration of inequalities. Key Words: Rural Tourism, Development of RuralAreas, Factor Analysis, Kalat County

Abstract:The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the versatility of GIS (Geographic Information System) tools to map volcanic risk. The work was conducted within the Course of Thematic Mapping at University of Naples "Parthenope" and referred to one of the most significant volcanic area in Italy that is around the Vesuvius. Formula of UNESCO was used to map Risk: Map Algebra functions were applied to vector files concerning Hazard and Value, while Vulnerability, because of didactic simplification, was considered equal to a constant (value=1) for the whole geographic area. Georeferencing and vectorizing processes were carried out on the original raster map of Vesuvius Hazard while population data by ISTAT (the Italian National Institute of Statistics) were jointed to the shape file of the Campania Municipalities to build the Value layer. To consider more realistic distribution of people also CORINE Land Cover (CLC) layer was introduced taking into account the first level of its categories (Artificial, Agricultural, Natural areas). Considering different sources of information (ISTAT data, CLC data, integration of ISTAT and CLC data) for Value layer definition, three different volcanic risk maps were obtained and compared.

Keywords: GIS, volcanic risk, Vesuvius, Map Algebra, vector map.

Abstract:The study area is located in the Kano Municipal. It is bounded by latitudes 11°51´ to 12°06´N and longitudes 8°23´ to 8°38´ E covering an area of about 770.063 km2.This paper examines the geoelecric layers in Kano metropolis, as indicated by the results of electrical resistivity method. Vertical Electrical method (VES) using Schlumberger array was carried out at the twenty (20) VES stations in the area. Ohmega resistivity meter was used for the data acquisition. The field data obtained has been analysed using computer software IPI2win, which gives an automatic interpretation of the apparent resistivity. The results suggest that, three-four geoelecric layers exist in the area, consisting of Topsoil layer, with resistivity that ranges from 12.93 ohm m to 2783.2 ohm m, its thickness varies from 1.12m to 11.5m. Weathered layer has resistivity value ranging from 28.48ohm m to 216.3 ohm m; thickness varies from 5.29m to 54.34m. Fractured/fresh basement layer (s). The resistivity value ranges from 26.13 ohm m to 9779.3 ohm m. The thickness varies from 23.18 m to 68.60 m. The weathered layer serves as an aquiferous zone; where it is extensively thick. Bedrock could also serves as an aquifer where it is extensively fractured.

Keywords: Aquifer, fractured, resistivity, thickness, vertical electrical soundings, weathered layer,

Abstract:An attempt has been made to predict the values of melting temperature of aluminium against the volume. The melting temperatures are predicted by adding a new relationship for volume dependence of the Grüneisen ratio, V  . The Al'tshuler's expression for V  , extensively used in literature, is found to be inadequate for second- Grüneisen ratio and for third-Grüneisen ratio. The predicted values of melting temperature are found to present close agreement with available experimental data.
Keywords: Metals, Thermodynamic properties.